Chemicals tested
The agents tested included chemical warfare agents and other related agents (inactive substances or placebos such as saline were used):
Anticholinesterase nerve agents (ex., sarin and common organophosphorus (OP), and carbamate pesticides)
Mustard agents
Nerve agent antidotes atropine and scopolamine
Nerve agent reactivators (ex., the common OP antidote 2-PAM chloride)
Psychoactive agents (ex., LSD, PCP, cannaboids, and BZ)
Irritants and riot control agents
Alcohol and caffeine
Acute (short-term) exposure to high levels of the glycol ethers in humans results in narcosis, pulmonary edema, and severe liver and kidney damage. Chronic (long-term) exposure to
Dioxins have no common uses. They are manufactured on a small scale for chemical and toxicological research, but mostly exist as by-products of industrial processes such as
Why is EPA concerned? Because BPA is a reproductive, developmental, and systemic toxicant in animal studies and is weakly estrogenic, there are questions about its potential impact